Sewage systems were invented by humanity for a long time. According to their purpose, they perform the function of removing sewage contained in waste water from any buildings, creating the necessary level of comfort. Residents of large cities by default are exempted from thinking through their own sewage and use the services of urban communications, which cannot be said about the inhabitants of villages and villages. The villagers and those who have suburban houses have to very often face similar problems due to the fact that there are no this kind of communication outside cities. Therefore, in suburban conditions far from a centralized developed sewer network, people have to use an autonomous sewer option that ensures the conclusion of sewage from private houses. Below, in more detail, the properties and characteristic features of the sewage system for a country house will be considered.
Advantages and disadvantages of the cesspool
How to choose a home septic tank
Cesspool. In the eye of the layman is the most affordable and cheap option of local sewage. The technology is extremely simple: a hole is dug up close to the house, which is filled with inappropriate over time. When the pit is filled, the residents of the house order an assenced machine that transports the contents of the sump far from the house. The disadvantage of this method is far from always a tight design of the pit, which entails the entering the soil, and then into the wells and in nearby reservoirs. This circumstance negatively affects the health of people who live near and use these reservoirs.
If hygienic norms are not comprehensible, the sanitary service employees have the right to impose a significant fine, as well as issue a special order according to which the deficiencies of this system should be eliminated. Even if this type of sewage system will be arranged in a special tank (in the so -called funded capacity), the necessary periodization of wastewater pumping will be at least once a month.
The cost of maintaining the cesspool leveles its apparent convenience at first glance. Per year, owners of this type of sewage system will pay in the region of 12 thousand rubles to cleanse the tank of sewage. Plus, unpleasant odors emanating from there, with the help of wind will spread throughout the entire site, especially in the summer. Accordingly, there can be no talk of any comfort.
Based on the above, the best way to create an autonomous sewer outside the city will be a high -quality septic tank.
DIY septic tank
Septic tank: species, installation
De facto, a septic tank is a design of several tanks, one by one cleansing the used water. To build a septic tank with your own hands, a number of materials are used, such as:
Slag blocks.
Bricks.
Concrete.
Special tanks, metal or plastic.
Septic type of sewage system is the most suitable for a private house.
How to build a septic tank?
First of all, a special pit (the so -called foundation is) in order to place individual containers inside it, which can be built from the materials given above. The main rule that must be observed during construction is tightness. The use of metal or plastic tanks will help to comply with this requirement.
It is important to remember that the joints of the pipes with the containers should be thoroughly sealing, and their outer surface must be covered with a layer of bitumen.
By installing concrete rings or making a brick septic tank using slag blocks, it is important to ensure the proper level of sealing the entire structure. For this purpose, the joints are first covered with a cement mortar from the inside, and outside with the help of red -hot bitumen everything is glued with roofing material or other substance. This method will protect the entire system from the penetration of water beyond its framework.
Features of installation of a septic tank
Some installation rules:
Monting the septic tank, it is necessary that the pipeline to it go with the necessary level of slope. This will ensure independent movement of sewage to the reservoir. Despite the existence of very difficult formulas, you can use the experience of practice to solve this problem, which shows that the level of inclination should be a couple of centimeters per line meter.
Compliance with the optimal sewage capacity requires that the size of the pipe circumference is at least 110 millimeters, which corresponds to the diameter of the pipe connecting the toilet to the sewer.
The depth of digging the trench is individually selected in each region taking into account its climatic conditions, namely the level of freezing of the Earth. If this level is too high, it is necessary, using special materials, to insulate the pipeline to avoid its icing.
It is necessary to have a special hatch on top of a septic tank for a visual determination of the level of wastewater and, if necessary, cleaning work.
Local sewage system requires a proper level of ventilation. For these purposes, it is necessary to mount a pipe into the design, which will rise above the ground level by several meters.
Of course, from time to time, septic tanks will be overflowed with waste and they will need to be exported from the territory of the site. To do this, it is necessary to ensure the conditions under which special transport will be able to drive up to this design.
The principle of operation of the septic tank
The first container collects the largest wastewater particles. It is called a sump.
The second tank contains special microorganisms designed to split harmful substances into simpler elements and water. Packs pass into it after filling the first capacity.
The next stage is that the liquid flows into the next container, from which, using the drainage system, it enters the soil with a very high level of cleaning.
Disadvantages of the design:
The effectiveness of how microorganisms work, it is necessary to keep under control. When using chlorine or insufficient temperatures, they may die.
The higher the level of the drains, the higher the probability of the smell of sewage.
The entire system, including the drainage system, should regularly be cleaned.
Despite the shortcomings, this system is the most suitable sewage option for country houses.
Factory production septic tank with biological cleaning
Retains the same principle of operation as the above structure, however, is a system of purification of the used water. The market is represented by a large number of species, such as tank, unylos and many others.
There are two microbiological species designed to clean the tank of harmful particles. These are aerobic microorganisms, for the functioning of which oxygen, as well as anaerobic bacteria, are efficient under the same conditions. The design is optimal, combining these two types of microorganisms.
Septic tank device
Having a reliable plastic case, the shelf life of septic tanks can actually be up to several decades. The dimensions of the structure allow the installation of several people without the help of technology, with the entrance of which difficulties can often arise to the required place. The entire unit is located in a plastic case and consists of several segments sequentially connected to each other.
The compressor used to supply air to the system works using power supply, respectively, in situations where the house is de -energized, the efficiency of using the cleaning system will be slightly lower. In this regard, a number of private houses should be considered backup sources of electricity.
The presence of cameras for microorganisms is due to a number of reasons:
The need to create optimal conditions for work.
Consistent cleaning of the used water.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that today, despite the wide variety of types of cleaning structures for sewage, only septic systems using biological microorganisms are able to normalize the living conditions in a country house from a sanitary-hygienic point of view. Compliance with the necessary norms and rules for the installation of sewer equipment is necessary to exclude the possibility of wastewater entering the soil with its subsequent pollution. In general, human life is unthinkable without the proper level of comfort, and sewage is a necessary attribute of our time.
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