Having their own home, many are wondering how to make a sewer on their own. We will try to reveal all the subtleties of this case, consider which pipes are suitable and tell you how to mount the sewer.
Types of drainage
How to conduct a sewer in a private house?
There are various communal systems that differ in location, principles of gaskets and elements. During the design, it is necessary to provide everything to the smallest details, so that in the future there are no unforeseen problems.
If there is no centralized water supply system nearby, then it is necessary to carry out the installation of autonomous sewage.
If you correctly design the internal wiring of sanitation, then all the wet rooms are located nearby. This allows you to use one riser, and the length of the laid communications will be minimal.
Tip 1: Internal wiring should be done during construction.
Tip 2: You should not mount the pipe of the complex structure, because you will encounter frequent blocks of the system or individual sections (forced dismantling of communications).
Necessary material
Laying and installation. They will need knees, pipes, tees, clamps.
If cast iron elements are used, then their caliber should be 100 mm. When laying PVC communications, the diameter of the used products is about 110 mm. This material is suitable for risers, collector and layering from toilet. At the same time, keep in mind that the length of the horizontally laid segment is about 1 meter.
From the bathroom, kitchen, sinks, shower to the collector, polypropylene and PVC products with a caliber of 50 mm are used.
All products allow wiring the pipeline convenient for the owner of the house method.
The revision allows you to easily clean communications when clogging.
Pipes are:
plastic;
concrete, asbestos -cement;
ceramic;
steel;
cast iron.
Consider the types applicable to our case.
Cast iron
They are very heavy and expensive, but cast iron is much more effective. Shelf life up to 80 years. They are well applied both as a riser and for external sewage. The disadvantage is their weight, which makes it difficult to install. Keep in mind that inside cast -iron pipes have roughness and therefore sewage is quickly sticking to them, and in winter there is a high probability of reducing throughput.
Plastic or polymer
Such products are used to implement internal communications with a 50 -year expiration date. According to the material of manufacture, plastic products are divided into 4 types:
Polypropylene or paragraphs.
PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
PVC – NP (non -plasticized polyvinyl chloride).
The pipes are corrugated.
PP pipes
The shelf life of up to 100 years, resistant to elevated temperatures, is used to implement internal communications, and for the implementation of external sewage they are not used due to possible deformation when laying. All such pipes are smooth and therefore have good bandwidth. Blocks are created quite rarely, in places of a steep turn of the system, which can be softened by making it smooth, or by placing an audit in its place.
PVC pipes
Used in the gravity sewer system. This durable, resistant to ultraviolet, combustible material (distinguishes phosgen) does not take a high temperature over 400 degrees.
There are 3 types of PVHT strength:
Low (installation is carried out at a small depth);
Average (can be laid under a small road);
High (installation is carried out under highways).
The inner pipeline, risers and joints are laid from PVHT. If they are going to use them to implement an external system, then they are insulated. Moreover, sewage should be displayed by the gravity system.
PVC – NP
Such pipes are used for pressure, non -pressure, and other sewage. The disadvantage of this material is its fueling and instability to high temperatures.
Corrugated
Apply during the installation of an external pipeline. Caliber 20 – 80 cm.
External sewage system
How to conduct a sewer?
There is an internal and external systems, and the first goes to the outer pipe, and the second moves away from this pipe to the septic tank and drainage structure (filter well, cesspool, filtration field).
The external sewer system can be:
Gravity. Household waste with sewage moves through the system due to their severity and slope (3 cm/m). It is convenient, energy -dependent and should be located near the house;
Pressure. Pumps are connected to communications and waste is promoted, which, if necessary, can be crushed by a special cut on the pump. Such a system is far away, but it is energy -dependent. Without electricity does not work;
By the method of removal of sewage, it happens:
Common -sailing – when industrial, domestic and atmospheric waste falls into the system;
Separate – when waste is divided and advanced according to various communications;
Semi -partial – when atmospheric waste falls into ditches (trays), and industrial and domestic sewage unite and pass one pipe along one pipe.
Types of autonomous system
The pit is cesspool.
It is easy enough to equip it. It has no filters, bounces and output into the ground. Rather, this is a tank of accumulation. The negative side is a periodic challenge of the assenced machine;
Septic tank and a filter well.
This is a closed design where sewage is cleaned by bacteria. After that, 60 %purified sewage are in the filtration zone, where the final cleansing is performed up to 98 %. Further, this technical water is used for watering or for other needs.
The calculation of the volume of the pit and the septic tank is made according to the formula:
Volume = number of users * workload (days) * water consumption (per 1 individual)
Pit calculation for 4 people:
Workload = 15 (after 15 days it is necessary to clean the system)
Water consumption = 155 – 210 l
V = 4 * 15 * 200 = 12000 l = 12 cubic meters
Add to the result 1/3 or 1/4 of from unforeseen cases (for example, arrival of guests) and receive a full volume of 4-16 liters
The calculation of the septic tank for 4 people is performed according to the same formula, but with one difference. It is counted for 3 days.
The volume of the well should be more than the volume of the septic tank by 1.5 times
Types and selection of septic tanks
There are three types of septic tanks:
With absorbing fields.
Fields – trenches (filters filters) equipped with dialing pipes. Laying depth of more than 0.5 m.
With purification by bio -bacteria.
Bacteria in a septic tank feed on wastewater substances and oxidize them.
With soil filtration.
In the process of cleaning, organic substances and bacteria from the soil are involved. Water passes through a septic tank and is cleaned by 40-60 percent. Then enters the filtration device and is drained into the ground.
Septics are chosen based on the composition of the soil on which it is mounted.
Internal sewage system
For the internal pipeline, products with the following diameter will be needed:
From various devices to the riser you need 50 – 100 mm of the product;
If the pipeline is mounted in a basement or basement and provides a rather complex structure (with turns), then it is better to apply 110 – 150 mm product;
For the riser, 100 – 110 mm product is suitable;
How communications are arranged
Consider the design of the internal network, which originates from the pipes coming from the bathroom, toilet, washbasin and connects to the external communal network:
All pipes that are connected to plumbing devices have a caliber of 50 mm. They are laid under the floor.
The knee is connected to them (siphon).
Siphon (has a bend of 45, 90 degrees) joins adapters (5/10 caliber) to the pipe, which goes to the external system. Its diameter is 100 – 110 mm.
After turning, it is necessary to install a tee-revision (has a way out with a lid through which the system is cleansed during blockage).
The last pipe of the internal system is connected to the external sewage.
The internal system is connected to an autonomous septic tank (located at 1.6 m depth) with a slope (2 cm is 2 cm per meter). If it is necessary to warm the system and its waterproofing is carried out.
Mount the pipe to filtering fields or well.
To enhance the stiffness of all communications and reduce vibration, it is necessary to install clamps (crimping) in the places of such complex joints as the merger point of several pipes from different sections of the house.
If the house is not one -story and bathrooms or bathrooms are located on all floors, then all communications are connected to one vertical riser so that the approach is free.
If they want the pipeline to be not visible, then they build a box, a niche or a special channel, which, if necessary, could be quickly dismantled and after cleansing the blockage of the system is easily assembled again.
This riser will be ventilation, since it leaves the house to the roof.
It is better to install ventilation in a septic tank and a well.
The riser is fixed with clamps and heat and waterproof.
If they make a gravity sewer, then observe a certain bias of the pipeline:
With a caliber of pipes 5-10 cm, it is 3 cm/m pipeline.
For 100-150 mm, it is 2 cm/m of the system.
Subtleties of organizing the sewer system
How to make a sewer with your own hands so that the work is carried out technically competently and corresponds to SNiP-U?
The riser is installed for internal sewage systems and all pipes from various plumbing devices are brought up. The slope should be 5 mm.
Install a grate for ventilation (far from windows). The fan pipe is installed 50 cm above the roof.
A horizontal collector is extended from the pet (slope 2 cm).
Septic tank (or cesspool) is located 2000 mm from a well with water . If the pit is cleaned twice a year, then the necessary volume of the pit (septic tank) will be 0.7 m3 per individual.
If the cesspool is equipped, then the location of groundwater on the site should be 1 m depth from the bottom of the pit. To achieve water resistance, the pit is laid out with brick and waterproofing is carried out;
Pipes are laid to a depth of 170-200 cm (depending on the degree of freezing of the soil in the region). When laying, follow a slope from 1 cm per pipe.
So that in the future the system does not sag, and it does not occur its congestion, it is necessary to dig a ditch in size or laying on untouched soil.
When the pipeline is laid, light a lantern or lamp at the entrance and control at the output how correctly the installation is made (you will see light).
Pour the ditch.
Materials
Sewer pipes (100 mm, 50 mm);
Horners, tees and other elements;
Clamps;
Sealant;
Drainage pipes.
Tools
Shovel, chirus;
Drill (for wall drilling);
Welding machine;
Screwdriver (for clamps).
