As for any other trees, an apple tree needs careful care. But even if the gardener creates ideal conditions for young seedlings, cuts off extra branches in a timely manner, squeeze new ones to improve the crop – all these actions will not be the key to the fact that the tree will not get sick. Of course, to the groomed tree of infection and pests have more open access, but also quite healthy, strong tree may be under the rule of many diseases, the most common, lichens and fungi are the most common, lichens and fungi.
Both prevention and treatment are important in the caring for the apple tree. There is the only condition: timeliness. If you start actively and correctly treat a tree that has almost died, then there will be no result. But if, at the first signs of the disease, sound the alarm, then there is a big chance of giving an apple tree again.
Lichen
Not even the most experienced gardeners heard about this disease. As a rule, it arises in connection with a number of factors: poor ventilation, freezing of wood, general weakening of the tree, etc. D. With its appearance, the lichen resembles a plaque. There may be a structure of different ones: bushy, scaly, plate. This lichen consists of two components: fungus and algae.
Lichen is terrible on its scale. If there really is a lot on a tree, then you should worry. If it is located on a tree in small quantities, then you can do nothing. Practice shows that the lichen even performs a protective function to some extent – it does not allow other fungi to settle on the apple tree. But if the lichen has grown, then you must use the following ways:
peel the surface of the trunk of the disease with a wand made of wood (it is better to do this in early spring or late autumn);
Lubricate the lichen itself with a special mixture of extinguished lime with clay (after drying out everything);
after high -quality cleaning, spray the corresponding solution of the branch and the barrel.
Scab
This disease is manifested quite largely and actively. Along the entire perimeter of the tree, the spots of olive-brown shade appear. They amaze everything: from fruits to young shoots. As a rule, this happens in the first summer months after seasonal rains. The fungus occurs initially in the form of translucent spots. Then these formations gain a gray tint and raid of brown green color. The steam leads to the fact that the dried leaves eventually fall off, and the spots begin to appear on the fruits. This, in turn, causes apple deformation, loss of taste. Especially carefully and carefully should be treated with apple trees that grow in the apple garden. Indeed, in such places, trees plant very close to each other, which creates a favorable environment for the development of this disease.
Basic precautions and the main methods of treating fungal diseases:
First of all, it is necessary to spray the trees and the soil around them with special pesticides. This should be done in the spring period before the formation of leaves;
In the last days of April, it is recommended to treat the apple tree by Bordeaux liquid (three-, four percent);
This is the same tool, but with lower percentages, it is necessary to use twice more: when the buds are formed, and when they already bloom;
Ftalan, cinema and captano need to spray the tree three weeks after the flowering period of the apple tree.
Of course, it is worth remembering that in order to prevent the occurrence of a similar problem next year, it is necessary to carefully remove all the fallen leaves, destroy them, and then conscientiously plow the earth around the trees.
Powder
This type of disease is quite common and familiar to many gardeners who are responsible for their plants. It manifests itself in the form of a dense silver plaque, which occurs almost everywhere: inflorescences, leaves, young shoots, etc. D. This usually happens after a protracted rain period. The cause of powdery mildew is a fungus that holds the winter in the kidneys of young shoots. This disease causes the suspension of shoot growth, drying out the leaves and showing ovaries.
How to effectively fight this disease:
cut infected shoots from early spring;
Spray “Hom” after flowering;
treat a tree after the last harvest;
collect fallen leaves and burn them.
In order not to have to observe the death of a tree that could bring delicious fruits on a large scale, it is recommended to take preventive measures in time, create a tree with ideal conditions of existence, carefully care for it. Excessive use of chemicals can lead to undesirable consequences: not only the fungus will go away, but also the taste of the fruits. Therefore, you should not be very carried away by processing the apple tree if you want to harvest, which will not only delight with your taste, but will also be absolutely safe for human health.
